home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
open in: MacOS 8.1
extracted
|
Win98
extracted
|
DOS
extracted
browse contents |
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was processed as: Mailbox/MIME Entity
(archive/mbox ).
Confidence Program Detection Match Type Support
100%
dexvert
Mailbox/MIME Entity (archive/mbox)
magic
Supported
100%
dexvert
Internet Message Format (text/imf)
magic
Supported
1%
dexvert
Text File (text/txt)
fallback
Supported
100%
file
Mailbox text, 1st line "From samba!concert!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!mcsun!julienas!jussieu!card Wed Mar 24 17:33:56 EST 19", ASCII text
default
100%
TrID
E-Mail message (Var. 2)
default
100%
checkBytes
Printable ASCII
default
100%
perlTextCheck
Likely Text (Perl)
default
100%
siegfried
x-fmt/111 Plain Text File
default
100%
detectItEasy
Format: Plain text[LF]
default
100%
xdgMime
application/mbox
default (weak)
hex view +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+ |00000000| 46 72 6f 6d 20 73 61 6d | 62 61 21 63 6f 6e 63 65 |From sam|ba!conce| |00000010| 72 74 21 67 61 74 65 63 | 68 21 68 6f 77 6c 61 6e |rt!gatec|h!howlan| |00000020| 64 2e 72 65 73 74 6f 6e | 2e 61 6e 73 2e 6e 65 74 |d.reston|.ans.net| |00000030| 21 75 73 63 21 63 73 2e | 75 74 65 78 61 73 2e 65 |!usc!cs.|utexas.e| |00000040| 64 75 21 75 75 6e 65 74 | 21 6d 63 73 75 6e 21 6a |du!uunet|!mcsun!j| |00000050| 75 6c 69 65 6e 61 73 21 | 6a 75 73 73 69 65 75 21 |ulienas!|jussieu!| |00000060| 63 61 72 64 20 57 65 64 | 20 4d 61 72 20 32 34 20 |card Wed| Mar 24 | |00000070| 31 37 3a 33 33 3a 35 36 | 20 45 53 54 20 31 39 39 |17:33:56| EST 199| |00000080| 33 0a 41 72 74 69 63 6c | 65 3a 20 33 32 33 30 31 |3.Articl|e: 32301| |00000090| 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 2e 6f 73 2e 6c 69 6e 75 | of comp|.os.linu| |000000a0| 78 0a 4e 65 77 73 67 72 | 6f 75 70 73 3a 20 63 6f |x.Newsgr|oups: co| |000000b0| 6d 70 2e 6f 73 2e 6c 69 | 6e 75 78 0a 50 61 74 68 |mp.os.li|nux.Path| |000000c0| 3a 20 73 61 6d 62 61 21 | 63 6f 6e 63 65 72 74 21 |: samba!|concert!| |000000d0| 67 61 74 65 63 68 21 68 | 6f 77 6c 61 6e 64 2e 72 |gatech!h|owland.r| |000000e0| 65 73 74 6f 6e 2e 61 6e | 73 2e 6e 65 74 21 75 73 |eston.an|s.net!us| |000000f0| 63 21 63 73 2e 75 74 65 | 78 61 73 2e 65 64 75 21 |c!cs.ute|xas.edu!| |00000100| 75 75 6e 65 74 21 6d 63 | 73 75 6e 21 6a 75 6c 69 |uunet!mc|sun!juli| |00000110| 65 6e 61 73 21 6a 75 73 | 73 69 65 75 21 63 61 72 |enas!jus|sieu!car| |00000120| 64 0a 46 72 6f 6d 3a 20 | 63 61 72 64 40 6d 61 73 |d.From: |card@mas| |00000130| 69 2e 69 62 70 2e 66 72 | 20 28 52 65 6d 79 20 43 |i.ibp.fr| (Remy C| |00000140| 41 52 44 29 0a 53 75 62 | 6a 65 63 74 3a 20 45 58 |ARD).Sub|ject: EX| |00000150| 54 32 46 53 20 46 41 51 | 20 28 57 61 73 20 52 65 |T2FS FAQ| (Was Re| |00000160| 3a 20 41 20 74 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 71 75 65 73 74 |: A ton |of quest| |00000170| 69 6f 6e 73 29 0a 4d 65 | 73 73 61 67 65 2d 49 44 |ions).Me|ssage-ID| |00000180| 3a 20 3c 31 39 39 33 4d | 61 72 32 34 2e 31 39 35 |: <1993M|ar24.195| |00000190| 36 33 35 2e 32 31 37 32 | 39 40 6a 75 73 73 69 65 |635.2172|9@jussie| |000001a0| 75 2e 66 72 3e 0a 53 65 | 6e 64 65 72 3a 20 6e 65 |u.fr>.Se|nder: ne| |000001b0| 77 73 40 6a 75 73 73 69 | 65 75 2e 66 72 20 28 4c |ws@jussi|eu.fr (L| |000001c0| 65 20 46 61 63 74 65 75 | 72 29 0a 4e 6e 74 70 2d |e Facteu|r).Nntp-| |000001d0| 50 6f 73 74 69 6e 67 2d | 48 6f 73 74 3a 20 61 72 |Posting-|Host: ar| |000001e0| 65 73 2e 69 62 70 2e 66 | 72 0a 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 |es.ibp.f|r.Organi| |000001f0| 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 | 4c 61 62 6f 72 61 74 6f |zation: |Laborato| |00000200| 69 72 65 20 4d 41 53 49 | 20 2d 20 55 6e 69 76 65 |ire MASI| - Unive| |00000210| 72 73 69 74 65 20 50 69 | 65 72 72 65 20 65 74 20 |rsite Pi|erre et | |00000220| 4d 61 72 69 65 20 43 75 | 72 69 65 20 2d 20 50 61 |Marie Cu|rie - Pa| |00000230| 72 69 73 20 2d 20 46 72 | 61 6e 63 65 0a 52 65 66 |ris - Fr|ance.Ref| |00000240| 65 72 65 6e 63 65 73 3a | 20 3c 41 66 66 7a 44 76 |erences:| <AffzDv| |00000250| 53 30 30 57 42 4f 4d 36 | 5a 6f 46 35 40 61 6e 64 |S00WBOM6|ZoF5@and| |00000260| 72 65 77 2e 63 6d 75 2e | 65 64 75 3e 0a 44 61 74 |rew.cmu.|edu>.Dat| |00000270| 65 3a 20 57 65 64 2c 20 | 32 34 20 4d 61 72 20 31 |e: Wed, |24 Mar 1| |00000280| 39 39 33 20 31 39 3a 35 | 36 3a 33 35 20 47 4d 54 |993 19:5|6:35 GMT| |00000290| 0a 4c 69 6e 65 73 3a 20 | 39 35 0a 0a 49 6e 20 61 |.Lines: |95..In a| |000002a0| 72 74 69 63 6c 65 20 3c | 41 66 66 7a 44 76 53 30 |rticle <|AffzDvS0| |000002b0| 30 57 42 4f 4d 36 5a 6f | 46 35 40 61 6e 64 72 65 |0WBOM6Zo|F5@andre| |000002c0| 77 2e 63 6d 75 2e 65 64 | 75 3e 20 4a 6f 73 68 75 |w.cmu.ed|u> Joshu| |000002d0| 61 20 45 6c 69 20 53 63 | 68 61 63 68 74 65 72 20 |a Eli Sc|hachter | |000002e0| 3c 6a 73 63 74 2b 40 61 | 6e 64 72 65 77 2e 63 6d |<jsct+@a|ndrew.cm| |000002f0| 75 2e 65 64 75 3e 20 77 | 72 69 74 65 73 3a 0a 3e |u.edu> w|rites:.>| |00000300| 0a 3e 42 29 20 44 75 72 | 69 6e 67 20 62 6f 6f 74 |.>B) Dur|ing boot| |00000310| 75 70 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 72 69 76 65 20 63 6f |up, the |drive co| |00000320| 6d 70 6c 61 69 6e 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |mplains |that the| |00000330| 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 61 | 20 6c 6f 74 20 6f 66 20 |re are a| lot of | |00000340| 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 | 0a 3e 77 69 74 68 20 74 |problems|.>with t| |00000350| 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2e 2e |he file |system..| |00000360| 2e 20 69 20 61 6d 20 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 46 53 32 |. i am u|sing FS2| |00000370| 2e 0a 3e 0a 0a 09 48 6d | 6d 6d 2c 20 73 65 65 6d |..>...Hm|mm, seem| |00000380| 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 | 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 |s like t|here are| |00000390| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 66 72 | 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 | some fr|equently| |000003a0| 20 61 73 6b 65 64 20 71 | 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 | asked q|uestions| |000003b0| 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 | 68 65 0a 65 78 74 20 32 | about t|he.ext 2| |000003c0| 20 66 73 2e 20 20 53 6f | 2c 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 | fs. So|, I have| |000003d0| 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e | 20 61 20 71 75 69 63 6b | written| a quick| |000003e0| 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 72 | 74 79 20 46 41 51 20 63 | and dir|ty FAQ c| |000003f0| 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 |oncernin|g the ex| |00000400| 74 20 32 20 66 73 2e 0a | 54 68 69 73 20 46 41 51 |t 2 fs..|This FAQ| |00000410| 20 69 73 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 65 64 20 61 74 20 | is incl|uded at | |00000420| 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 |the end |of this | |00000430| 70 6f 73 74 69 6e 67 2e | 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 |posting.| It is | |00000440| 61 6c 73 6f 20 61 76 61 | 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 |also ava|ilable f| |00000450| 6f 72 0a 61 6e 6f 6e 79 | 6d 6f 75 73 20 46 54 50 |or.anony|mous FTP| |00000460| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 66 74 | 70 2e 69 62 70 2e 66 72 | from ft|p.ibp.fr| |00000470| 3a 2f 70 75 62 2f 6c 69 | 6e 75 78 2f 41 4c 50 48 |:/pub/li|nux/ALPH| |00000480| 41 2f 65 78 74 32 66 73 | 2f 65 78 74 32 66 73 2e |A/ext2fs|/ext2fs.| |00000490| 46 41 51 20 61 6e 64 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 0a 74 73 78 |FAQ and |from.tsx| |000004a0| 2d 31 31 2e 6d 69 74 2e | 65 64 75 3a 2f 70 75 62 |-11.mit.|edu:/pub| |000004b0| 2f 6c 69 6e 75 78 2f 41 | 4c 50 48 41 2f 65 78 74 |/linux/A|LPHA/ext| |000004c0| 32 66 73 2f 65 78 74 32 | 66 73 2e 46 41 51 2e 0a |2fs/ext2|fs.FAQ..| |000004d0| 0a 3e 0a 3e 6a 2e 65 2e | 73 2e 0a 3e 0a 0a 09 52 |.>.>j.e.|s..>...R| |000004e0| 65 6d 79 0a 0a 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |emy..---|--------| |000004f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------| |00000500| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------| |00000510| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------| |00000520| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------| |00000530| 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 09 09 | 46 41 51 20 66 6f 72 20 |----....|FAQ for | |00000540| 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 6f | 6e 64 20 65 78 74 65 6e |the seco|nd exten| |00000550| 64 65 64 20 66 69 6c 65 | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 0a |ded file| system.| |00000560| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000570| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 4c 61 73 74 20 63 68 61 | |Last cha| |00000580| 6e 67 65 20 6f 6e 20 39 | 33 2f 30 33 2f 32 34 0a |nge on 9|3/03/24.| |00000590| 0a 0a 09 54 68 69 73 20 | 66 69 6c 65 20 63 6f 6e |...This |file con| |000005a0| 74 61 69 6e 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 |tains th|e answer| |000005b0| 73 20 74 6f 20 73 6f 6d | 65 20 66 72 65 71 75 65 |s to som|e freque| |000005c0| 6e 74 6c 79 20 61 73 6b | 65 64 20 71 75 65 73 74 |ntly ask|ed quest| |000005d0| 69 6f 6e 73 0a 72 65 67 | 61 72 64 69 6e 67 20 74 |ions.reg|arding t| |000005e0| 68 65 20 73 65 63 6f 6e | 64 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 |he secon|d extend| |000005f0| 65 64 20 66 69 6c 65 20 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2e 0a |ed file |system..| |00000600| 0a 51 3a 20 49 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 63 72 65 61 74 |.Q: I ha|ve creat| |00000610| 65 64 20 61 6e 20 65 78 | 74 20 32 20 66 73 20 6f |ed an ex|t 2 fs o| |00000620| 6e 20 6d 79 20 72 6f 6f | 74 20 66 69 6c 65 20 73 |n my roo|t file s| |00000630| 79 73 74 65 6d 20 61 6e | 64 2c 20 65 76 65 72 79 |ystem an|d, every| |00000640| 20 74 69 6d 65 20 49 20 | 62 6f 6f 74 0a 20 20 20 | time I |boot. | |00000650| 4c 69 6e 75 78 2c 20 49 | 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 |Linux, I| see the| |00000660| 73 65 20 6d 65 73 73 61 | 67 65 73 20 3a 0a 09 4d |se messa|ges :..M| |00000670| 49 4e 49 58 2d 66 73 20 | 6d 61 67 69 63 20 6d 61 |INIX-fs |magic ma| |00000680| 74 63 68 20 66 61 69 6c | 65 64 0a 09 45 58 54 2d |tch fail|ed..EXT-| |00000690| 66 73 3a 20 6d 61 67 69 | 63 20 6d 61 74 63 68 20 |fs: magi|c match | |000006a0| 66 61 69 6c 65 64 0a 44 | 6f 65 73 20 69 74 20 6d |failed.D|oes it m| |000006b0| 65 61 6e 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 4c 69 6e 75 78 20 64 |ean that| Linux d| |000006c0| 6f 65 73 6e 27 74 20 72 | 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 7a 65 |oesn't r|ecognize| |000006d0| 20 6d 79 20 72 6f 6f 74 | 20 66 69 6c 65 20 73 79 | my root| file sy| |000006e0| 73 74 65 6d 20 3f 0a 0a | 41 3a 20 4e 6f 2e 0a 20 |stem ?..|A: No.. | |000006f0| 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 4c | 69 6e 75 78 20 62 6f 6f | When L|inux boo| |00000700| 74 73 2c 20 69 74 20 74 | 72 69 65 73 20 74 6f 20 |ts, it t|ries to | |00000710| 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 72 6f 6f 74 20 66 |mount th|e root f| |00000720| 69 6c 65 20 73 79 73 74 | 65 6d 20 75 73 69 6e 67 |ile syst|em using| |00000730| 20 74 68 65 0a 20 20 20 | 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | the. |differen| |00000740| 74 20 66 69 6c 65 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 20 74 79 |t file s|ystem ty| |00000750| 70 65 73 20 3a 0a 09 2d | 20 69 74 20 66 69 72 73 |pes :..-| it firs| |00000760| 74 20 74 72 69 65 73 20 | 74 6f 20 6d 6f 75 6e 74 |t tries |to mount| |00000770| 20 2f 20 61 73 20 61 20 | 6d 69 6e 69 78 20 66 69 | / as a |minix fi| |00000780| 6c 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 2c 20 64 69 73 63 6f |le syste|m, disco| |00000790| 76 65 72 73 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 69 74 0a 09 20 20 |vers tha|t it.. | |000007a0| 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 | 20 6d 69 6e 69 78 20 66 |is not a| minix f| |000007b0| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 | 73 70 6c 61 79 73 20 74 |s and di|splays t| |000007c0| 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 | 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 6d |he first| error m| |000007d0| 65 73 73 61 67 65 2c 0a | 09 2d 20 74 68 65 6e 20 |essage,.|.- then | |000007e0| 69 74 20 74 72 69 65 73 | 20 74 6f 20 6d 6f 75 6e |it tries| to moun| |000007f0| 74 20 2f 20 61 73 20 61 | 6e 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 |t / as a|n extend| |00000800| 65 64 20 66 69 6c 65 20 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2c 20 |ed file |system, | |00000810| 64 69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 0a 09 |discover|s that..| |00000820| 20 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 61 6e 20 65 | it is |not an e| |00000830| 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 | 66 73 20 61 6e 64 20 64 |xtended |fs and d| |00000840| 69 73 70 6c 61 79 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 6f |isplays |the seco| |00000850| 6e 64 20 65 72 72 6f 72 | 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 |nd error| message| |00000860| 2e 0a 0a 51 3a 20 41 66 | 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 |...Q: Af|ter the | |00000870| 74 77 6f 20 65 72 72 6f | 72 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 |two erro|r messag| |00000880| 65 73 2c 20 49 20 73 65 | 65 20 3a 0a 09 5b 45 58 |es, I se|e :..[EX| |00000890| 54 20 49 49 20 46 53 20 | 30 2e 32 63 2c 20 39 33 |T II FS |0.2c, 93| |000008a0| 2f 30 33 2f 30 36 2c 20 | 62 73 3d 31 30 32 34 2c |/03/06, |bs=1024,| |000008b0| 20 66 73 3d 31 30 32 34 | 2c 20 67 63 3d 23 23 2c | fs=1024|, gc=##,| |000008c0| 20 62 70 67 3d 23 23 2c | 20 69 70 67 3d 23 23 23 | bpg=##,| ipg=###| |000008d0| 23 5d 0a 09 45 58 54 32 | 2d 66 73 20 77 61 72 6e |#]..EXT2|-fs warn| |000008e0| 69 6e 67 3a 20 6d 6f 75 | 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 6e 6f |ing: mou|nting no| |000008f0| 6e 20 76 61 6c 69 64 20 | 66 69 6c 65 20 73 79 73 |n valid |file sys| |00000900| 74 65 6d 0a 20 20 20 44 | 6f 65 73 20 69 74 20 6d |tem. D|oes it m| |00000910| 65 61 6e 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 |ean that| there i| |00000920| 73 20 61 20 70 72 6f 62 | 6c 65 6d 20 77 69 74 68 |s a prob|lem with| |00000930| 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c | 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d | the fil|e system| |00000940| 20 3f 0a 0a 41 3a 20 55 | 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 6e | ?..A: U|sually n| |00000950| 6f 2e 0a 20 20 20 49 6e | 20 66 61 63 74 2c 20 74 |o.. In| fact, t| |00000960| 68 65 20 65 78 74 20 32 | 20 66 73 20 6b 65 65 70 |he ext 2| fs keep| |00000970| 73 20 61 20 76 61 6c 69 | 64 20 66 6c 61 67 20 6f |s a vali|d flag o| |00000980| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 | 73 6b 2e 20 20 54 68 69 |n the di|sk. Thi| |00000990| 73 20 66 6c 61 67 20 69 | 73 20 73 65 74 20 74 6f |s flag i|s set to| |000009a0| 0a 20 20 20 30 20 77 68 | 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 |. 0 wh|en the f| |000009b0| 69 6c 65 20 73 79 73 74 | 65 6d 20 69 73 20 6d 6f |ile syst|em is mo| |000009c0| 75 6e 74 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 73 65 74 20 74 6f |unted an|d set to| |000009d0| 20 31 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 69 74 20 69 73 20 75 6e | 1 when |it is un| |000009e0| 6d 6f 75 6e 74 65 64 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 0a 20 20 |mounted.| The. | |000009f0| 20 76 61 6c 69 64 20 66 | 6c 61 67 20 69 73 20 63 | valid f|lag is c| |00000a00| 68 65 63 6b 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 65 32 66 73 63 6b |hecked b|y e2fsck| |00000a10| 20 74 6f 20 6b 6e 6f 77 | 20 69 66 20 61 20 66 69 | to know| if a fi| |00000a20| 6c 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 20 6e 65 65 64 73 20 |le syste|m needs | |00000a30| 63 68 65 63 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 28 69 66 0a 20 20 20 |checking| (if. | |00000a40| 74 68 65 20 66 6c 61 67 | 20 69 73 20 73 65 74 20 |the flag| is set | |00000a50| 74 6f 20 31 2c 20 65 32 | 66 73 63 6b 20 61 73 73 |to 1, e2|fsck ass| |00000a60| 75 6d 65 73 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 |umes tha|t the fi| |00000a70| 6c 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 20 69 73 20 63 6c 65 |le syste|m is cle| |00000a80| 61 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 64 | 6f 65 73 0a 20 20 20 6e |an and d|oes. n| |00000a90| 6f 74 20 63 68 65 63 6b | 20 69 74 29 2e 0a 0a 20 |ot check| it)... | |00000aa0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 72 6f | 6f 74 20 66 69 6c 65 20 | The ro|ot file | |00000ab0| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6e |system i|s the on| |00000ac0| 6c 79 20 66 73 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 63 61 6e 6e |ly fs wh|ich cann| |00000ad0| 6f 74 20 62 65 20 75 6e | 6d 6f 75 6e 74 65 64 20 |ot be un|mounted | |00000ae0| 73 6f 20 74 68 65 20 76 | 61 6c 69 64 0a 20 20 20 |so the v|alid. | |00000af0| 66 6c 61 67 20 69 73 20 | 61 6c 77 61 79 73 20 73 |flag is |always s| |00000b00| 65 74 20 74 6f 20 30 2e | 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 62 |et to 0.| When b| |00000b10| 6f 6f 74 69 6e 67 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 6b 65 72 6e |ooting, |the kern| |00000b20| 65 6c 20 6d 6f 75 6e 74 | 73 20 69 74 20 61 6e 64 |el mount|s it and| |00000b30| 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 20 | 69 74 73 0a 20 20 20 76 | checks |its. v| |00000b40| 61 6c 69 64 20 66 6c 61 | 67 2e 20 20 41 73 20 74 |alid fla|g. As t| |00000b50| 68 69 73 20 66 6c 61 67 | 20 69 73 20 73 65 74 20 |his flag| is set | |00000b60| 74 6f 20 30 2c 20 69 74 | 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 |to 0, it| display| |00000b70| 73 20 61 20 77 61 72 6e | 69 6e 67 2e 0a 0a 20 20 |s a warn|ing... | |00000b80| 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e | 20 73 61 66 65 6c 79 20 | You can| safely | |00000b90| 69 67 6e 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 77 61 72 6e |ignore t|his warn| |00000ba0| 69 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 6f 6f 74 |ing for |the root| |00000bb0| 20 66 69 6c 65 20 73 79 | 73 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 4e | file sy|stem. N| |00000bc0| 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 69 74 0a 20 20 20 69 |ote that| it. i| |00000bd0| 73 20 61 20 67 6f 6f 64 | 20 69 64 65 61 20 74 6f |s a good| idea to| |00000be0| 20 72 75 6e 20 65 32 66 | 73 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 | run e2f|sck on t| |00000bf0| 68 65 20 66 73 2e 0a 0a | 51 3a 20 49 20 68 61 76 |he fs...|Q: I hav| |00000c00| 65 20 74 72 69 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 63 72 65 61 74 |e tried |to creat| |00000c10| 65 20 61 6e 20 65 78 74 | 20 32 20 66 69 6c 65 20 |e an ext| 2 file | |00000c20| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 6d 6b 65 32 |system w|ith mke2| |00000c30| 66 73 20 61 6e 64 20 69 | 74 20 64 69 65 73 20 77 |fs and i|t dies w| |00000c40| 69 74 68 0a 20 20 20 27 | 4f 75 74 20 6f 66 20 6d |ith. '|Out of m| |00000c50| 65 6d 6f 72 79 27 2e 20 | 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |emory'. | What is| |00000c60| 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | 62 6c 65 6d 20 3f 0a 0a | the pro|blem ?..| |00000c70| 41 3a 20 54 68 65 20 70 | 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 20 63 |A: The p|roblem c| |00000c80| 6f 6d 65 73 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 6d 6b 65 32 66 73 |omes fro|m mke2fs| |00000c90| 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 2e | 20 20 6d 6b 65 32 66 73 | itself.| mke2fs| |00000ca0| 20 65 61 74 73 20 6c 6f | 74 73 20 6f 66 20 6d 65 | eats lo|ts of me| |00000cb0| 6d 6f 72 79 20 74 6f 20 | 63 72 65 61 74 65 0a 20 |mory to |create. | |00000cc0| 20 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | a file| system | |00000cd0| 73 69 6e 63 65 20 69 74 | 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 73 |since it| creates| |00000ce0| 20 61 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 | 79 20 63 6f 70 79 20 6f | a memor|y copy o| |00000cf0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e | 6f 64 65 20 74 61 62 6c |f the in|ode tabl| |00000d00| 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 0a | 20 20 20 70 72 6f 62 6c |e. The.| probl| |00000d10| 65 6d 20 68 61 73 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 66 69 78 65 |em has b|een fixe| |00000d20| 64 20 69 6e 20 72 65 63 | 65 6e 74 20 76 65 72 73 |d in rec|ent vers| |00000d30| 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 30 2e | 32 63 2b 20 6f 72 20 61 |ions (0.|2c+ or a| |00000d40| 62 6f 76 65 29 2e 20 20 | 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 |bove). |Note tha| |00000d50| 74 0a 20 20 20 65 32 66 | 73 63 6b 20 73 74 69 6c |t. e2f|sck stil| |00000d60| 6c 20 68 61 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 70 |l has th|e same p| |00000d70| 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 2e 0a | 0a 51 3a 20 49 20 68 61 |roblem..|.Q: I ha| |00000d80| 76 65 20 74 72 69 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 63 72 65 61 |ve tried| to crea| |00000d90| 74 65 20 61 6e 20 65 78 | 74 20 32 20 66 73 20 77 |te an ex|t 2 fs w| |00000da0| 69 74 68 20 6d 6b 65 32 | 66 73 20 61 6e 64 20 69 |ith mke2|fs and i| |00000db0| 74 20 64 69 65 73 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 0a |t dies w|ith the.| |00000dc0| 20 20 20 6d 65 73 73 61 | 67 65 20 3a 0a 09 6d 6b | messa|ge :..mk| |00000dd0| 65 32 66 73 3a 20 55 6e | 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 |e2fs: Un|able to | |00000de0| 66 69 6e 64 20 61 20 62 | 6c 6f 63 6b 20 66 6f 72 |find a b|lock for| |00000df0| 20 74 68 65 20 62 6c 6f | 63 6b 20 62 69 74 6d 61 | the blo|ck bitma| |00000e00| 70 0a 20 20 20 6f 72 20 | 3a 0a 09 6d 6b 65 32 66 |p. or |:..mke2f| |00000e10| 73 3a 20 55 6e 61 62 6c | 65 20 74 6f 20 66 69 6e |s: Unabl|e to fin| |00000e20| 64 20 61 20 62 6c 6f 63 | 6b 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 |d a bloc|k for th| |00000e30| 65 20 69 6e 6f 64 65 20 | 62 69 74 6d 61 70 0a 20 |e inode |bitmap. | |00000e40| 20 20 6f 72 3a 0a 09 6d | 6b 65 32 66 73 3a 20 55 | or:..m|ke2fs: U| |00000e50| 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f | 20 66 69 6e 64 20 61 20 |nable to| find a | |00000e60| 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e |block fo|r the in| |00000e70| 6f 64 65 20 74 61 62 6c | 65 0a 20 20 20 57 68 61 |ode tabl|e. Wha| |00000e80| 74 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d |t is the| problem| |00000e90| 20 3f 0a 0a 41 3a 20 41 | 6e 20 65 78 74 20 32 20 | ?..A: A|n ext 2 | |00000ea0| 66 73 20 69 73 20 6d 61 | 64 65 20 6f 66 20 73 65 |fs is ma|de of se| |00000eb0| 76 65 72 61 6c 20 62 6c | 6f 63 6b 73 20 67 72 6f |veral bl|ocks gro| |00000ec0| 75 70 73 2e 20 20 45 61 | 63 68 20 67 72 6f 75 70 |ups. Ea|ch group| |00000ed0| 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e | 73 20 61 20 63 6f 70 79 | contain|s a copy| |00000ee0| 0a 20 20 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 75 70 65 72 |. of t|he super| |00000ef0| 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 2c 20 | 61 20 63 6f 70 79 20 6f | block, |a copy o| |00000f00| 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 73 | 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 |f the fs| descrip| |00000f10| 74 6f 72 73 2c 20 74 77 | 6f 20 62 69 74 6d 61 70 |tors, tw|o bitmap| |00000f20| 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 20 | 61 6e 64 0a 20 20 20 61 | blocks |and. a| |00000f30| 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 6f | part of| the ino| |00000f40| 64 65 20 74 61 62 6c 65 | 2e 20 20 45 61 63 68 20 |de table|. Each | |00000f50| 67 72 6f 75 70 20 69 73 | 20 38 31 39 32 20 62 6c |group is| 8192 bl| |00000f60| 6f 63 6b 73 20 6c 6f 6e | 67 2e 0a 0a 20 20 20 57 |ocks lon|g... W| |00000f70| 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 | 63 72 65 61 74 65 20 61 |hen you |create a| |00000f80| 20 66 69 6c 65 20 73 79 | 73 74 65 6d 2c 20 6d 6b | file sy|stem, mk| |00000f90| 65 32 66 73 20 64 69 76 | 69 64 65 73 20 74 68 65 |e2fs div|ides the| |00000fa0| 20 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 6e | 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 | total n|umber of| |00000fb0| 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 20 | 62 79 0a 20 20 20 38 31 | blocks |by. 81| |00000fc0| 39 32 20 74 6f 20 63 6f | 6d 70 75 74 65 20 74 68 |92 to co|mpute th| |00000fd0| 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 | 20 6f 66 20 67 72 6f 75 |e number| of grou| |00000fe0| 70 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 6e 2c 20 69 74 20 74 72 |ps. The|n, it tr| |00000ff0| 69 65 73 20 74 6f 20 77 | 72 69 74 65 20 74 68 65 |ies to w|rite the| |00001000| 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c | 0a 20 20 20 69 6e 66 6f | control|. info| |00001010| 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 65 61 |rmations| into ea| |00001020| 63 68 20 67 72 6f 75 70 | 2e 20 20 53 6f 6d 65 74 |ch group|. Somet| |00001030| 69 6d 65 73 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 67 |imes, th|e last g| |00001040| 72 6f 75 70 20 6d 61 79 | 20 62 65 20 74 6f 6f 20 |roup may| be too | |00001050| 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 74 6f | 0a 20 20 20 63 6f 6e 74 |small to|. cont| |00001060| 61 69 6e 20 74 68 65 73 | 65 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d |ain thes|e inform| |00001070| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6d 6b 65 32 66 |ations a|nd mke2f| |00001080| 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 | 20 64 69 65 73 20 77 68 |s simply| dies wh| |00001090| 65 6e 20 69 74 20 64 65 | 74 65 63 74 73 20 74 68 |en it de|tects th| |000010a0| 65 0a 20 20 20 70 72 6f | 62 6c 65 6d 2e 20 20 54 |e. pro|blem. T| |000010b0| 68 69 73 20 28 73 74 75 | 70 69 64 29 20 62 65 68 |his (stu|pid) beh| |000010c0| 61 76 69 6f 75 72 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 66 |aviour w|ill be f| |000010d0| 69 78 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 61 20 66 75 74 75 72 65 |ixed in |a future| |000010e0| 20 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 | 2e 0a 0a 20 20 20 57 69 | release|... Wi| |000010f0| 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 72 |th the c|urrent r| |00001100| 65 6c 65 61 73 65 2c 20 | 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 |elease, |you can | |00001110| 62 79 70 61 73 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 72 6f 62 6c |bypass t|he probl| |00001120| 65 6d 20 62 79 20 63 72 | 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 61 |em by cr|eating a| |00001130| 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 65 72 | 0a 20 20 20 6f 72 20 62 | smaller|. or b| |00001140| 69 67 67 65 72 20 66 69 | 6c 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 |igger fi|le syste| |00001150| 6d 20 28 69 2e 65 2e 20 | 64 65 63 72 65 61 73 65 |m (i.e. |decrease| |00001160| 20 6f 72 20 69 6e 63 72 | 65 61 73 65 20 74 68 65 | or incr|ease the| |00001170| 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 20 | 63 6f 75 6e 74 29 2e 0a | blocks |count)..| |00001180| 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.-------|--------| |00001190| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------| |000011a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------| |000011b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------| |000011c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------| |000011d0| 0a 2d 2d 0a 0a 09 52 65 | 6d 79 20 43 61 72 64 0a |.--...Re|my Card.| |000011e0| 09 63 61 72 64 40 6d 61 | 73 69 2e 69 62 70 2e 66 |.card@ma|si.ibp.f| |000011f0| 72 0a 0a 0a | |r... | | +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+